But aluminum provides benefits for vacuum chambers, especially for ultra-high (UHV) and extreme vacuum applications. Learn more about CDC’s vaccine safety systems.Engineers still seem to prefer stainless steel vacuum chambers over aluminum ones. Once vaccines are licensed in the United States, CDC and FDA continuously monitor them through several safety systems. In pre-licensure clinical trials, adverse events after Heplisav-B were comparable to those observed after another U.S.-licensed, non-adjuvanted hepatitis B vaccine.ĬDC and FDA closely monitor the safety of all vaccines.ĬDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are committed to ensuring that vaccines provided to the public are safe and effective. When CpG 1018is included in a vaccine, it increases the body’s immune response. It is made up of cytosine phosphoguanine (CpG) motifs, which is a synthetic form of DNA that mimics bacterial and viral genetic material. To date, these trials have included over 15,000 people.ĬpG 1018 is a recently developed adjuvant used in Heplisav-B vaccine. In pre-licensure clinical trials, AS01 B was associated with local and systemic reactions, but the overall safety profile was reassuring.ĪS01 B is also a component of vaccines currently being tested in clinical trials, including malaria and HIV vaccines. AS01 B is made of up of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), an immune-boosting substance isolated from the surface of bacteria, and QS-21, a natural compound extracted from the Chilean soapbark tree ( Quillaja saponaria Molina). Shingrix is the recombinant zoster vaccine recommended for persons aged 50 years or older. MF59, used in flu vaccines in Europe since 1997 and in the United States since 2016, has been given to millions of people and has an excellent safety record.ĪS01 B is an adjuvant suspension used with the antigen component of Shingrix vaccine. MF59 is an oil-in-water emulsion composed of squalene, which is a naturally occurring oil found in many plant and animal cells, as well as in humans. MF59 is the adjuvant contained in Fluad (an influenza vaccine licensed for adults aged 65 or older). This immune-boosting substance was isolated from the surface of bacteria. vaccine (Cervarix ®) however, the vaccine is no longer available in the United States due to low market demand. licensed vaccines external icon for more information.īeginning in 2009, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) was used in one U.S. external icon Also, see FDA’s web page on common ingredients in U.S. Read the research on aluminum exposure and vaccines. Scientific research has shown the amount of aluminum exposure in people who follow the recommended vaccine schedule is low and is not readily absorbed by the body. Aluminum is one of the most common metals found in nature and is present in air, food, and water. Small amounts of aluminum are added to help the body build stronger immunity against the germ in the vaccine. Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) and QS-21, a natural compound extracted from the Chilean soapbark tree, combined in a liposomal formulationĬytosine phosphoguanine (CpG), a synthetic form of DNA that mimics bacterial and viral genetic materialĪctHIB, chickenpox, live zoster (Zostavax), measles, mumps & rubella (MMR), meningococcal (Menactra, Menveo), rotavirus, seasonal influenza (except Fluad), single antigen polio (IPOL), yellow feverĪluminum-containing adjuvants are vaccine ingredients that have been used in vaccines since the 1930s. Oil in water emulsion composed of squalene
Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) + aluminum salt One or more of the following: amorphous aluminum hydroxyphosphate sulfate (AAHS), aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate,Īnthrax, DT, DTaP (Daptacel), DTaP (Infanrix), DTaP-IPV (Kinrix), DTaP-IPV (Quadracel), DTaP-HepB-IPV (Pediarix), DTaP –IPV/Hib (Pentacel), Hep A (Havrix), Hep A (Vaqta), Hep B (Engerix-B), Hep B (Recombivax), HepA/Hep B (Twinrix), HIB (PedvaxHIB), HPV (Gardasil 9), Japanese encephalitis (Ixiaro), MenB (Bexsero, Trumenba), Pneumococcal (Prevnar 13), Td (Tenivac), Td (Mass Biologics), Tdap (Adacel), Tdap (Boostrix) Several different adjuvants are used in U.S.
In all cases, vaccines containing adjuvants are tested for safety and effectiveness in clinical trials before they are licensed for use in the United States, and they are continuously monitored by CDC and FDA once they are approved. Newer adjuvants have been developed to target specific components of the body’s immune response, so that protection against disease is stronger and lasts longer. Aluminum salts were initially used in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s with diphtheria and tetanus vaccines after it was found they strengthened the body’s immune response to these vaccines. Adjuvants have been used safely in vaccines for decades.Īluminum salts, such as aluminum hydroxide, aluminum phosphate, and aluminum potassium sulfate have been used safely in vaccines for more than 70 years.
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